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We can think of two ways in
2021-07-12

We can think of two ways in which collagen binding could activate DDR (Figure 8). A single collagen triple helix could interact with both DS domains in the DDR dimer (“composite binding site”) and thereby activate the receptor, similar to the situation exemplified by the growth hormone-growth hormon
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion
2021-07-12

Materials and methods Results Discussion The incretin hormones potently stimulate insulin secretion, and it is generally assumed that this is mediated by an endocrine mechanism such that GIP and GLP-1 through the circulation reach the islet beta perk kinase to stimulate their secretion. Ho
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br Enzymes involved in microbial steroid
2021-07-12

Enzymes involved in microbial steroid degradation are generally not expressed constitutively, but they are upregulated depending on which steroid substrates are present [17,81]. Thus, a cell-free extract prepared from testosterone-adapted C. testosteroni ATCC 11996 cells displayed a 1(2)-dehydroge
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br Author contributions br Conflicts
2021-07-12

Author contributions Conflicts of interest Introduction Current the 5-year survival rates for lung and pancreatic cancers are 18% and 8%, respectively. These low survival rates are partially because of the late diagnosis of one-half of cases, in which 5-year survival decrease to 4% and 3%,
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One of the therapeutic proteins used in
2021-07-12

One of the therapeutic proteins used in cancer therapy is glucarpidase, also known as Carboxypeptidase G2, CPG2, which originates from the bacterium Variovorax paradoxus (old name, Pseudomonas sp. strain RS-16). It has no mammalian equivalent (Thompson et al., 1994; Kamlage, 1994) and is a zinc-depe
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A widely accepted mechanism to differentiate hESCs into card
2021-07-12

A widely accepted mechanism to differentiate hESCs into cardiomyocytes is through perturbation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Initial Wnt activation is required to form the Angiotensin Fragment 1-7 acetate [3]. Thereafter, it is believed that inhibition of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathw
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br Membrane receptor Indirect non genomic signaling As menti
2021-07-12

Membrane receptor: Indirect non-genomic signaling As mentioned above, not all Sitafloxacin Hydrate responses fit the classical genomic model of steroid action. The observation of excessively fast estrogen-induced biological responses led to the development of the hypothesis that estrogen could b
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SS is a high grade malignant soft
2021-07-12

SS is a high-grade malignant soft tissue sarcoma accounting for 5%–10% of soft tissue sarcomas. After RMS, SS is the most common sarcoma in children, adolescents and young adults [9]. SS originates primarily in the lower (62%) and upper (21%) extremities but may occur at any anatomic site [9], [10].
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Introduction Neuropathic pain occurs in approximately one th
2021-07-12

Introduction Neuropathic pain occurs in approximately one-third of patients with diabetes and is refractory to currently available analgesic drugs (Abbott et al., 2011). This painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is associated with elevated levels of methylglyoxal (MG; a reactive glucose metabolite) an
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br Materials and methods br
2021-07-12

Materials and methods Results Discussion The nitric oxide generating enzymes of the NOS family comprise three isoforms: nNOS, iNOS and eNOS [31]. Expression of eNOS is mainly found in endothelial Ceftazidime mg where it physically promotes vasodilation [32]. Conversely, evidence also indic
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Structure similarity searches were conducted using the stand
2021-07-12

Structure similarity searches were conducted using the standalone version of the DALI program with the query structures scanned against a local current version of the PDB that has all chains as separate entries (Holm and Sander, 1995). The structural hits for each query were collected, even if the D
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A prominent example of such
2021-07-12

A prominent example of such enzyme is the proteasome, a highly promising target not only in cancer, but also in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Circulating proteasomes and respective anti-proteasome autoantibodies were detected in serum samples from patients with autoimmune diseases such as mu
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One of the most fundamental distinctions between Ub signals
2021-07-09

One of the most fundamental distinctions between Ub signals is substrate monoubiquitination versus polyubiquitination. With the exception of the E2, UBE2W, which represents a special case because it BMS 193885 only ubiquitinates the flexible N-termini of substrates [5], [6], [20], most examples of
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br STAR Methods br Author Contributions
2021-07-09

STAR★Methods Author Contributions Acknowledgments The authors thank Monika Kuhn for excellent technical assistance and Dr. Antje Schäfer for valuable scientific input. H.S. was supported by the DFG (FZ 82; Graduate School of Life Sciences and SCHI 425-6/1), and A.V.S. by Northwestern Univer
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br Introduction Malaria remains a serious
2021-07-09

Introduction Malaria remains a serious parasitic disease in tropical areas due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. It is estimated that 212 million cases occurred globally in 2015, leading to 429, 000 deaths, most of which were in children aged under 5 years in Africa [1,2]. The protozoans
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